Pensar, contar y ver Mayo del 68

Nota editorial de Mayo del 68: la revolución de la revolución, de Jacques Baynac.
 
Mayo del 68: una formidable toma de la palabra por parte de miles de personas condenadas hasta entonces al silencio y el aislamiento. La calle como lugar de diálogo y los muros como espacio de expresión creativa. La alegría desbordante del encuentro entre diferentes y de la interrupción de la normalidad mortífera. La política no como un asunto de partidos o profesionales, sino como la invención de prácticas mediante las cuales las personas cualquiera se vuelven capaces de hablar en nombre propio, pensar y decidir en primera persona, planteando colectivamente los propios problemas. Una pelea, no tanto entre izquierda y derecha, como entre los de arriba y los de abajo. En fin, una nueva experiencia de lo político, por fuera de los partidos y los sindicatos, más allá del horizonte de la toma del poder, que encuentra su recompensa en la misma acción y no en una promesa futura o trascendente. Todo ello resuena muy poderosamente con las búsquedas del presente y con los acontecimientos políticos recientes (primavera árabe, 15M, Occupy, Syntagma, Gezi, etc.). Casi 50 años después, Mayo del 68 puede seguir dándonos mucho que pensar.
 
El libro que tienes entre manos reúne tres textos:

en primer lugar, el prólogo escrito para esta edición por Tomás Ibáñez. La vida de Tomás Ibañez está marcada por el anarquismo desde su infancia: hijo del exilio libertario en Francia, participó en los años 60 en los circuitos estudiantiles anarquistas cuando aún casi nadie se atrevía a cuestionar la hegemonía del Partido Comunista. En Mayo del 68, integrado en el Movimiento 22 de Marzo junto a compañeros anarquistas como Daniel Cohn-Bendit o Jean-Pierre Duteuil, se sumerge en la cotidianeidad de los acontecimientos hasta que es detenido el 10 de junio y confinado en destierro por su condición de refugiado político. En 1973 volvió a España y participó en los fracasados intentos de reconstrucción de la CNT. Autor de referencia para las corrientes libertarias en España y el extranjero, ha enriquecido los planteamientos anarquistas básicos con las aportaciones del post-estructuralismo francés y, muy en concreto, de Michel Foucault. La trayectoria de Tomás Ibáñez es de enorme valor, porque rompe con la idea dominante que quiere hacernos ver a todos los protagonistas del 68 atrapados en la alternativa entre arrepentimiento, normalización, cinismo y/o autodestrucción. Y su pluma trabaja siempre para que la historia sea memoria viva y no lengua muerta, catapulta y no ancla, presente y futuro, no sólo pasado.
 
 

En segundo lugar, el libro original que publicó Jacques Baynac en 1978, titulado originalmente Mayo reecontrado (Mai retrouvé). Diez años después de haber acontecido, el movimiento de Mayo del 68 se estaba haciendo paradójicamente invisible por un exceso de reinterpretaciones que tendían a aniquilar toda su radicalidad. El libro de Baynac trata de revitalizar la potencia del 68, pero no proponiendo otra interpretación más en disputa, sino rescatando la historia de las prácticas concretas que le habían dado vida (las manifestaciones, las ocupaciones de fábricas, los enfrentamientos con la policía, la reapropiación de la calle, los Comités de Acción, la vertiginosa toma de la palabra por parte de aquellos que siempre han estado excluidos de ella), borradas ya en el primer aniversario de Mayo, pero silenciadas y sepultadas después a lo largo de décadas por los iconos, estereotipos y clichés desgraciadamente por todos conocidos. Es difícil encontrar otro libro sobre Mayo del 68 donde se muestre, con el mismo rigor y la emoción, la historia y la materialidad misma del movimiento.
 

 
En tercer lugar, el ensayo que cierra este libro, «Mayo del 68: una hipótesis sobre la estrategia, el tiempo y la revolución», fue publicado por Baynac también en 1978 en Libre, la mítica revista de política, antropología y filosofía fundada en los años 70 por personalidades como Cornelius Castoriadis, Claude Lefort y Marcel Gauchet. Es un ensayo perfectamente complementario del trabajo de investigación histórico en el que Baynac despliega algo que en el libro se encuentra quizá sólo de modo latente: una interpretación política sobre el carácter radicalmente innovador de la estrategia que se despliega a través de las prácticas concretas de Mayo. Una estrategia que no razona en términos de poder y de tener, de espacio y de cantidad, de mediación y organización, sino de no-poder y de ser, de tiempo y de calidad, de aquí y ahora y autoorganización. Una «nueva racionalidad» de lo político, a cargo precisamente de los excluidos de la política, que rechaza «cambiar el mundo a través de la toma del poder» y encarna el deseo de una sociedad y un modo de vida radicalmente nueva.

Por último, el libro está «ilustrado» (portada, solapa, interiores) por Natalia Matesanz Ventura, arquitecta e investigadora. Durante el proceso de edición del libro, conocimos el trabajo cartográfico de Natalia sobre el «espacio afectivo» de Mayo del 68 y nos interesó muchísimo. Los afectos son esas fuerzas e intensidades que nos activan, transforman y ponen en movimiento. Uno de los motores principales de la política de transformación social, por tanto. En Mayo, las intensidades afectivas irrumpen, desarreglan y hacen vibrar las ciudades, los espacios, los lugares. Desordenan las divisiones sociales cotidianas, los espacios fijos, unívocos, reglamentados. Agujerean las distancias. Acercan lo que estaba lejos, separado. Producen nuevas conexiones entre personas, cosas, lugares, corrientes de energía y empatía. Crean una maraña dinámica de nuevas relaciones y vínculos donde había un espacio compartimentado, regulado, jerarquizado. Sin lugar a dudas, podemos aprender mucho de Mayo a partir de estos «mapas afectivos», que no son tanto «ilustraciones» como «máquinas de visión». Que dialogan y resuenan con el texto de Baynac y a la vez dan a ver otras cosas.
 
 

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